Stroke Epidemiology in Brazil: Geographic Distribution and Trends from 2013 to 2023

Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, significantly impacting public health due to its high incidence, mortality, and effects on survivors' quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the geographic distribution, demographic factors, mortality, and hospital admissions related to stroke in Brazil, identifying vulnerability patterns and trends to inform public health policies. Data from the TABNET system of DATASUS (2013–2023) were used to evaluate clinical, demographic, and economic factors, emphasizing regional disparities. Results revealed pronounced regional inequalities, with the Southeast showing the highest mortality and hospitalization rates due to its dense population and prevalent risk factors, such as hypertension and sedentary lifestyles. The Northeast exhibited a high number of admissions, while the North recorded the lowest, reflecting challenges in healthcare access. The overall increase in hospitalizations and length of stay was associated with population aging and rising chronic disease prevalence. Despite comprehensive analysis, the lack of detailed data on individual patient characteristics and risk factors limited deeper associations. The findings highlight the urgent need for policies focusing on prevention, emergency care, rehabilitation, and improved classification of stroke-related deaths, alongside multidisciplinary approaches to address regional inequalities and improve outcomes.